how to write a essay

Everone can write a paper, but how to write a good academic paper?

目的	介绍	范文
stating information that is not “common knowledge”	[use relevant style guide’s in-text citation format] As [Author] indicated/ stated/ discovered According to [Author],	As Smith indicated in a 2010 study . . . According to Marks and Peters . . .
drawing conclusions, making inferences, or suggesting implications based on specific data	suggests as evidenced/ suggested/ indicated by based on can be seen/ observed when as seen in which is made apparent when is demonstrated by/ through/ when hinges on	The strong negative correlation suggests that . . . As evidenced/ suggested/ indicated by their enlarged adrenal glands, patients with . . . Based on self-reported survey results . . . This phenomenon can be seen/ observed when wind speeds exceed . . . As seen in the high recurrence rates of . . . The causal link between A and B, which is made apparent when B triggers . . . The efficacy of chocolate as a cure for unhappiness is demonstrated by survey results highlighted in . . . This conclusion hinges on . . .
clarifying a prior statement	for example for instance by way of illustration as an example to clarify to explain further namely to be specific that is, in other words,	This occurrence is rare. For example, only one in twenty . . . It is unlikely that current population growth rates are sustainable. For instance, several major coastal cities are already suffering from . . . By way of illustration, less than 20% of new matriculants feel prepared for . . . As an example, when a country faces economic recession, polls indicate that over 80% of the population supports . . . To clarify, not all government-funded facilities provide . . . To explain further, large doses of Agent O can trigger . . . Millennials prefer flexible work conditions, namely the ability to work remotely. To be specific, bull markets can . . . That is, significant and sudden drops in temperature can . . . In other words, short bursts of high-intensity ultrasound can . . .
identifying representative examples of a category	for example/ instance such as* e.g. one/ another example like* excluding including an example being *NOTE: “such as” and “like” have two different uses. “Such as” introduces a specific example that is part of a category. “Like” suggests the listed items are similar to, but not included in, the topic discussed.	Typhoons are considered acts of God, for example/ instance. The island is home to many native carnivorous plants, such as Venus flytraps. The only known bioluminescent vertebrates are fish (e.g. the anglerfish and lantern fish). One/ another example of this exception is . . . I prefer outdoor sports like mountain climbing because they allow me to enjoy nature while exercising. All mammals, excluding humans, stop drinking milk at a young age. All stars, including our sun, . . . Hawks feast on rodents, an example being . . .
distinguishing concepts	in a similar case unlike the case of in the same way as a case in point in a typical situation in a normal scenario	In a similar case, a male patient with arthritis . . . Unlike a single-blind study, a double-blind study reduces the risk of observer bias. Redundancy and wordiness can be reduced in the same way: through careful editing. As a case in point, let’s look at the situation in which . . . In a typical situation, marsupials would . . . In a normal scenario, cortisol suppressant effects . . .
emphasizing a point by highlighting a specific situation	for example indeed in fact notably markedly as a case in point	Nocturnal marsupials, for example, have . . . Indeed, since the World Health Organization declared an end to the Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo . . . Ice-free habitats around Antarctica, in fact, have . . . High carbon steel alloys, notably, undergo a transformation when . . . Markedly, the deserts irregular rainfall levels have . . . As a case in point, the last known male northern white rhinoceros . . .